Factores protectores y de riesgo asociados a síntomas de ansiedad y de depresión: análisis de perfiles latentes y de predictores
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21615/cesp.7166Palavras-chave:
Factores de riesgo, factores de protección, ansiedad, depresión, trastornos emocionales, regulación emocional, perfiles latentesResumo
En la actualidad, la prevalencia de síntomas de ansiedad y depresión en la población general representa un problema para los sistemas de salud. Estos cuadros comparten síntomas, factores etiológicos y de mantenimiento. La presente investigación buscó identificar perfiles latentes de sintomatología ansiosa y depresiva, y posibles factores de riesgo y protección (variables sociodemográficas y estrategias de regulación emocional (RE)) en una muestra de 632 participantes con edades entre los 18 y los 65 años (M= 31,04; DE= 10,14), residentes en la Ciudad de Buenos Aires y el conurbano bonaerense (Argentina), a quienes se administró un cuestionario sociodemográfico, el Inventario de Ansiedad de Beck, el Inventario de Depresión de Beck y el Cuestionario de Regulación Emocional. Se identificaron tres perfiles caracterizados por su severidad sintomática. Mediante una regresión logística multinomial se halló que recurrir en mayor medida a la estrategia de RE reevaluación cognitiva, tener entre 40 y 49 años y niveles de ingresos medio-bajos, medios o medio-altos se constituyen como factores protectores; mientras que pertenecer al género femenino y la mayor utilización de la estrategia de RE supresión expresiva se presentan como factores de riesgo de sintomatología ansiosa y depresiva. Estos resultados ponen de manifiesto la importancia de considerar los factores protectores y de riesgo en el diseño de intervenciones con miras a reducir la severidad de los síntomas de ansiedad y de depresión, y mejorar la salud mental de las personas.
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