Relación entre rasgos de la tríada oscura y la comunicación parental en una muestra de padres con niños en edad escolar
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21615/cesp.7285Palabras clave:
Triada Oscura, comunicación familiar, funcionamiento familiar, implicaciones familiaresResumen
La comunicación familiar es fundamental para el sano desarrollo de los niños y adolescentes. Sin embargo, existen factores que perjudican la comunicación familiar, como la psicopatología de los padres. Dada la escasez de literatura sobre este tipo de relación, los principales objetivos de este estudio son: explorar la asociación entre los rasgos de personalidad que constituyen la Tríada Oscura y los diferentes tipos de comunicación parental, verificar las diferencias en los rasgos de personalidad que componen la Tríada Oscura según género y analizar el papel predictivo de la Tríada Oscura en la comunicación parental. La muestra estuvo conformada por 290 padres de niños/adolescentes en edad escolar entre 7 y 16 años, siendo 231 participantes mujeres y 59 hombres, con edades entre 28 y 66 años. Se utilizaron como instrumentos la Dark Triad Dirty Dozen Scale (TN-12), la Parenting Communication Assessment Scale – versión para padres (COMPA-P) y un cuestionario sociodemográfico. Los principales resultados sugieren que el narcisismo se asocia negativamente con todas las dimensiones de la comunicación parental, mientras que el maquiavelismo no se asocia con ninguna dimensión, la psicopatía se asocia negativamente con la expresión de afecto y apoyo emocional, y la psicopatía predice algunas dimensiones de la comunicación parental. En definitiva, los resultados cobran relevancia en el desarrollo de programas/formación para profesionales de la salud, con el fin de sensibilizar sobre la magnitud de este problema, sus consecuencias, y suministrar herramientas para evaluar e intervenir.
Descargas
Referencias bibliográficas
Barber, N. (1994). Machiavellianism and altruism: Effect of relatedness of target person on machiavellian and helping attitudes. Psychological Reports, 75(1), 403-422. https://doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1994.75.1.403
Barker, L. L. (1987). Communication (4th ed.). Prentice-Hall.
Brothers, D. (2009). Trauma‐centered psychoanalysis: Transforming experiences of unbearable uncertainty. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1159(1), 51-62. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.04350.x
Cairncross, M., Veselka, L., Schermer, J. A., & Vernon, P. A. (2013). A behavioral genetic analysis of alexithymia and the dark triad traits of personality. Twin Research and Human Genetics, 16(3), 690-697. https://doi.org/10.1017/thg.2013.19
Carr, A. (2006). Family therapy: Concepts, process and practice (2nd ed.). John Wiley & Sons.
Carter, G. L., Campbell, A. C., Muncer, S., & Carter, K. A. (2015). A Mokken analysis of the Dark Triad ‘Dirty Dozen’: Sex and age differences in scale structures, and issues with individual items. Personality and Individual Differences, 83, 185-191. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2015.04.012
Cassidy, B., Zoccolillo, M., & Hughes, S. (1996). Psychopathology in adolescent mothers and its effects on mother-infant interactions: A pilot study. The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 41(6), 379-384. https://doi.org/10.1177/070674379604100609
Christie, R. (1970). Why Machiavelli? In R. Christie & M. Geis (Eds.), Studies in machiavellianism (1st ed., pp. 1–9). Elsevier.
Cohen, J. (1988). Set correlation and contingency tables. Applied Psychological
Measurement, 12(4), 425-434. https://doi.org/10.1177/014662168801200410
Ehrensaft, M. K., Wasserman, G. A., Verdelli, L., Greenwald, S., Miller, L. S., & Davies, M. (2003). Maternal antisocial behavior, parenting practices, and behavior problems in boys at risk for antisocial behavior. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 12(1), 27-40. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1021302024583
Fanti, K. A., & Lordos, A. (2022). Parental antisocial and psychopathic traits influence adolescent psychopathology. International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, 66(15), 1550-1574. https://doi.org/10.1177/0306624x211013517
Fanti, K. A. (2018). Understanding heterogeneity in conduct disorder: A review of psychophysiological studies. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 91, 4–20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.09.022
Fanti, K. A., Kyranides M. N., Georgiou, G., Petridou, M., Colins, O. F., Tuvblad, C., & Andershed, H. (2017). Callous-unemotional, impulsive-irresponsible, and grandiose-manipulative traits: Distinct associations with heart rate, skin conductance, and startle responses to violent and erotic scenes. Psychophysiology, 54(5), 663–672. https://doi.org/10.1111/psyp.12837
Fiske, J. (2005). Introdução ao estudo da comunicação (9a ed.). ASA Editores.
Furnham, A., Richards, S. C., & Paulhus, D. L. (2013). The dark triad of personality: A 10 year review. Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 7(3), 199-216. https://doi.org/10.1111/spc3.12018
Hare, R. D. (1996). Psychopathy and antisocial personality disorder: A case of diagnostic confusion. Psychiatric Times, 13(2), 39-40. https://www.psychiatrictimes.com/view/psychopathy-and-antisocial-personality-disorder-case-diagnostic-confusion
Horne, S. G. (1998). The role of parental narcissism and depression in predicting adolescent empathy, narcissism, self-esteem, pleasing others, and peer conflict. Unpublished master´s thesis. University of Georgia.
Johnson, J. G., Cohen, P., Kasen, S., & Brook, J. S. (2008). Psychiatric disorders in adolescence and early adulthood and risk for child-rearing difficulties during middle adulthood. Journal of Family Issues, 29(2), 210-233. https://doi.org/10.1177/0192513X07305349
Johnson, J. G., Cohen, P., Kasen, S., Ehrensaft, M. K., & Crawford, T. N. (2006). Associations of parental personality disorders and axis I disorders with childrearing behavior. Psychiatry, 69(4), 336-350. https://doi.org/10.1521/psyc.2006.69.4.336
Johnson, J. G., Cohen, P., Kasen, S., Smailes, E., & Brook, J. S. (2001). Association of maladaptive parental behavior with psychiatric disorder among parents and their offspring. Archives of General Psychiatry, 58(5), 453-460. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.58.5.453
Jonason, P. K., & Krause, L. (2013). The emotional deficits associated with the dark triad traits: Cognitive empathy, affective empathy, and alexithymia. Personality and Individual Differences, 55(5), 532-537. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2013.04.027
Jonason, P. K., & Webster, G. D. (2010). The dirty dozen: A concise measure of the dark triad. Psychological Assessment, 22(2), 420–432. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0019265
Kirkman, M., Rosenthal, D. A., & Shirley Feldman, S. (2005). Being open with your mouth shut: The meaning of ‘openness’ in family communication about sexuality. Sex Education, 5(1), 49-66. https://doi.org/10.1080/1468181042000301885
Kopp, L. M., & Beauchaine, T. P. (2007). Patterns of psychopathology in the families of children with conduct problems, depression, and both psychiatric conditions. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 35(2), 301-312. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10802-006-9091-2
Kückelhaus, B., Kranefeld, I., & Blickle, G. (2022). Nonlinearity within dark triad constructs? The case for psychopathy and machiavellianism. Personality and Individual Differences, 190, 1-6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2022.111521
Láng, A. (2018). Mama mach and papa mach: Parental machiavellianism in relation to dyadic coparenting and adolescents’ perception of parental behaviour. Europe’s Journal of Psychology, 14(1), 107-124. https://doi.org/10.23668/psycharchives.1288
Leedom, L. J., Bass, A., & Almas, L. H. (2013). The problem of parental psychopathy. Journal of Child Custody, 10(2), 154–184. https://doi.org/10.1080/15379418.2013.796268
Mahoney, D. M., Rickspoone, L., & Hull, J. C. (2016). Narcissism, parenting, complex trauma: The emotional consequences created for children by narcissistic parents. The Practitioner Scholar: Journal of Couseling & Professional Psychology, 5(1), 45-59.
Maneiro, L., Navas, M. P., Van Geel, M., Cutrín, O., & Vedder, P. (2020). Dark triad traits and risky behaviours: Identifying risk profiles from a person-centred approach. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(17), 1-14. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17176194
Marôco, J. (2014). Análise das equações estruturais: Fundamentos teóricos, software & aplicações (1a ed.). ReportNumber.
Marôco, J. (2018). Análise estatística com o spss statistics (7a ed.). ReportNumber.
McIlwain, D. (2003). Bypassing empathy: A machiavellian theory of mind and sneaky power. In B. Repacholi & V. Slaughter (Eds.), Individual differences in theory of mind: Implications for typical and atypical development (1st ed., pp. 39–66). Psychology Press.
Muris, P., Merckelbach, H., Otgaar, H., & Meijer, E. (2017). The malevolent side of human nature: A meta-analysis and critical review of the literature on the dark triad (narcissism, machiavellianism, and psychopathy). Perspectives on Psychological Science, 12(2), 183-204. https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691616666070
Ojha, H. (2007). Parent-child interaction and machiavellian orientation. Journal of the Indian Academy of Applied Psychology, 33(2), 285–289.
Olson, D. H. (2000). Circumplex model of marital and family systems. Journal of Family Therapy, 22(2), 144-167. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-6427.00144
Pallant, J. (2005). SPSS survival manual (2nd ed.). Allen & Unwin.
Paulhus, D., & Williams, K. (2002). The dark triad of personality: Narcissism, machiavellianism, and psychopathy. Journal of Research in Personality, 36(6), 556-563. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0092-6566(02)00505-6
Pechorro, P., Jonason, P. K., Raposo, V., & Maroco, J. (2021). Dirty dozen: A concise measure of dark triad traits among at-risk youths. Current Psychology, 40(7), 3522-3531. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-019-00288-9
Pilch, I. (2008). Machiavellianism, emotional intelligence and social competence: Are machiavellians interpersonally skilled? Polish Psychological Bulletin, 39(3), 158-164. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/236135631_Machiavellianism_emotional_intelligence_and_social_competence_Are_Machiavellians_interpersonally_skilled
Pineda, D., Sandín, B., & Muris, P. (2020). Psychometrics properties of the spanish version of two dark triad scales: The dirty dozen and the short dark triad. Current Psychology, 39(5), 1873-1881. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-018-9888-5
Portugal, A., & Alberto, I. (2013). A comunicação parento-filial: Estudo das dimensões comunicacionais realçadas por progenitores e por filhos. Psicologia: Reflexão e Crítica, 26(3), 319-326. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0102-79722013000300007
Portugal, A. P. M., & Alberto, I. M. M. (2014). Escala de Avaliação da Comunicação na Parentalidade (COMPA): Desenvolvimento e validação de uma medida da comunicação parento-filial. Avances en Psicologia Latinoamericana, 32(1), 85-103. https://doi.org/10.12804/apl32.1.2014.06
Portugal, A., & Alberto, S. (2014). Escala de avaliação da comunicação na parentalidade (COMPA). In A. Relvas & S. Major (Ed.), Avaliação familiar: Funcionamento e intervenção (1a ed., pp. 43–67). Imprensa da Universidade de Coimbra.
Ramos, V. (2020). Como Lidar com os Problemas de Comportamento das Crianças (1st ed.). Pactor.
Roberts, W., & Strayer, J. (1996). Empathy, emotional expressiveness, and prosocial behavior. Child Development, 67(2), 449-470. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.1996.tb01745.x
Ručević, S. (2022). Parental psychopathic traits and its interaction with children's psychopathy features as predictors of perceived parenting behavior five years later. Personality and Individual Differences, 189, 1-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2022.111512
Santos, M. C. (2021). Problemas de Saúde Mental em Crianças e Adolescentes: Identificar, avaliar e intervir (1st ed.). Edições Sílabo.
Segrin, C., & Flora, J. (2005). Family communication (1st ed.). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Segrin, C. (2006). Invited article: Family interactions and well-being: Integrative perspectives. Journal of Family Communication, 6, 3-21. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327698jfc0601_2
Shaw, D. (2010). Enter ghosts: The loss of intersubjectivity in clinical work with adult children of pathological narcissists. Psychoanalytic Dialogues, 20(1), 46-59. https://doi.org/10.1080/10481880903559120
Sillars, A., Koerner, A., & Fitzpatrick, M. A. (2006). Communication and understanding in parent–adolescent relationships. Human Communication Research, 31(1), 102-128. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2958.2005.tb00866.x
Thomaes, S., Bushman, B. J., De Castro, B. O., & Stegge, H. (2009). What makes narcissists bloom? A framework for research on the etiology and development of narcissism. Development and Psychopathology, 21(4), 1233-1247. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954579409990137
Tomé, G., Gaspar de Matos, M., Camacho, I., Simões, C., & Diniz, J. A. (2012). Portuguese adolescents: The importance of parents and peer groups in positive health. Spanish Journal of Psychology, 15(3), 1315-1324. http://dx.doi.org/10.5209/rev_SJOP.2012.v15.n3.39417
Vangelisti, A. L. (2004). Handbook of Family Communication (1st ed.). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Publishers.
Wai, M., & Tiliopoulos, N. (2012). The affective and cognitive empathic nature of the dark triad of personality. Personality and Individual Differences, 52(7), 794-799. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2012.01.008
Watzlawick, P., Bavelas, J. B., & Jackson, D. (1967/1993). Pragmatics of human communication: A study of international patterns, pathologies, and paradoxes (1st ed.). W. W. Norton & Company.
Weinberg, M. K., & Tronick, E. Z. (1998). The impact of maternal psychiatric illness on infant development. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 59(2), 53-61. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9559760/
Yendell, A., Clemens, V., Schuler, J., & Decker, O. (2022). What makes a violent mind? The interplay of parental rearing, dark triad personality traits and propensity for violence in a sample of German adolescents. PLoS One, 17(6), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0268992
Descargas
Publicado
Cómo citar
Número
Sección
Licencia
Derechos de autor 2024 Mariagiulia Galluzzo, Margarida Simões, Inês Carvalho Relva
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0.
Revista CES Psicología ISSN 2011 3080
Facultad de Psicología, Universidad CES Primera edición 2008. Última actualización Mayo 29 de 2024. Todos los derechos reservados. Hecho el depósito legal que exige la ley.
Se autoriza la reproducción total o parcial de los artículos citando la fuente y el autor. This publication may be reproduced by mentioning the source and the authors.
| Estadísticas de artículo | |
|---|---|
| Vistas de resúmenes | |
| Vistas de PDF | |
| Descargas de PDF | |
| Vistas de HTML | |
| Otras vistas | |
