Solidão, comunicação parental-filial e envolvimento em comportamentos de cyberbullying em adolescentes e jovens adultos
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21615/cesp.6581Palavras-chave:
Solidão, cyberbullying, comunicação entre pais e filhos, adolescentes, jovens adultosResumo
A Internet é utilizada como ferramenta para colmatar a sensação de solidão, ao permitir a comunicação com os outros, mas pode ser, também, um contexto de risco para o desenvolvimento dos jovens. O presente estudo tem como objetivo explorar a relação entre a solidão, a comunicação parental-filial e a cibervitimização. O estudo foi feito com uma amostra de 401 adolescentes e jovens adultos, com idades compreendidas entre os 15 e os 24 anos. Recorreu-se à Escala de Solidão (UCLA), à Escala de Avaliação da Comunicação na Parentalidade (COMPA-A) e ao Questionário de Cibervitimização (CYVIC) para a recolha dos dados. Os resultados indicam uma prevalência total de 78.3% foi vítima de, pelo menos, um comportamento de cyberbullying. Sugerem que a solidão se correlaciona positivamente com a cibervitimização e negativamente com um padrão de comunicação positivo com os pais. Por fim, constatou-se que a cibervitimização e o padrão comunicacional negativo predizem positivamente a solidão e a expressão de afeto e apoio emocional da figura materna prediz negativamente a solidão. Estes resultados indicam que é necessário ter em conta as consequências psicológicas decorrentes do cyberbullying, e dotar estilos parentais que favoreçam a comunicação parental-filial direcionada para o uso problemático da Internet.
Downloads
Referências
Alto, M., Handley, E., Rogosch, F., Cicchetti, D., & Toth, S. (2018). Maternal relationship quality and peer social acceptance as mediators between child maltreatment and adolescent depressive symptoms: Gender differences. Journal of Adolescence, 63, 19-28. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2017.12.004
Álvarez-García, D., Pérez, J. C. N., Gonzaléz, A. D., & Pérez, C. R. (2015). Risk factors associated with cybervictimization in adolescence. International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology, 15, 226-235. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijchp.2015.03.002
Álvarez-García, D., Núñez, J. C., Collazo, A., & García, T. (2017). Validation of the Cybervictimization Questionnaire (CYVIC) for adolescents. Computers in Human Behavior, 70, 270-281. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2017.01.007
Álvarez-García, D., Núñez, J. C., González-Castro, P., Rodríguez, C., & Cerezo, R. (2019). The effect of parental control on cyber-victimization in adolescence: The mediating role of impulsivity and high-risk behaviors. Frontiers in Psychology, 10, 1159. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01159
Ang, R. P., Chong, W. H., Chye, S., & Huan, V. S. (2012). Loneliness and generalized problematic internet use: Parents perceived knowledge of adolescent’s online activities as a moderator. Computers in Human Behavior, 28(4), 1342-1347. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2012.02.019
António, R., Guerra, R., & Moleiro, C. (2020). Cyberbullying em Portugal durante a pandemia do COVID-19. Centro de Investigação e de Intervenção Social (CIS-IUL, ISCTE-IUL).
Appel, M., Holtz, P., Stiglbauer, B., & Batinic, B. (2012). Parents as a resource: Communication quality affects the relationship between adolescents' internet use and loneliness. Journal of Adolescence, 35(6), 1641-1648. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2012.08.003
Aricak, O. T. (2009). Psychiatric symptomatology as a predictor of cyberbullying among university students. Eurasian Journal of Educational Research, 34(9), 167-184. https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/document?repid=rep1&type=pdf&doi=a4d6ae5c7040d19626422b1194f7c67efa2ef31d
Brewer, G., & Kerslake, J. (2015). Cyberbullying, self-esteem, empathy and loneliness. Computers in Human Behavior, 48, 255-260. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2015.01.073
Buelga, S., Cava, M. J., Musitu, G., & Torralba, E. (2015a). Cyberbullying aggressors among Spanish secondary education students: An exploratory study. Interactive Technology and Smart Education, 12(2), 100-115. https://doi.org/10.1108/ITSE-08-2014-0025
Buelga, S., Iranzo, B., Cava, M. J., & Torralba, E. (2015b). Psychological profile of adolescent cyberbullying aggressors. Revista de Psicología Social, 30(2), 382-406.https://doi.org/10.1080/21711976.2015.1016754
Buelga, S., Martínez-Ferrer, B., & Cava, M. J. (2017). Differences in family climate and family communication among cyberbullies, cybervictims, and cyber bully victims in adolescents. Computers in Human Behavior, 76, 164-173. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2017.07.017
Bullock, J. R. (1993). Children's loneliness and their relationships with family and peers. Family Relations, 42(1), 46-49. https://doi.org/10.2307/584920
Calvete, E., Orue, I., Estévez, A., Villardón, L., & Padilla, P. (2010). Cyberbullying in adolescents: Modalities and aggressors’profile. Computers in Human Behavior, 26(5), 1128-1135. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2010.03.017
Cañas, E., Estévez, E., León-Moreno, C., & Musitu, G. (2020). Loneliness, family communication, and school adjustment in a sample of cybervictimized adolescents. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(1), 335. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17010335
Chan, H. C., & Wong, D. S. (2019). Traditional school bullying and cyberbullying perpetration: Examining the psychosocial characteristics of Hong Kong male and female adolescents. Youth & Society, 51(1), 3-29. https://doi.org/10.1177/0044118X16658053
Chang, F. C., Chiu, C. H., Miao, N. F., Chen, P. H., Lee, C. M., Chiang, J. T., & Pan, Y. C. (2015). The relationship between parental mediation and Internet addiction among adolescents, and the association with cyberbullying and depression. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 57, 21-28. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comppsych.2014.11.013
Chen, Q., Lo, C. K., Zhu, Y., Cheung, A., Chan, K. L., & Ip, P. (2018). Family poly victimization and cyberbullying among adolescents in a Chinese school sample. Child Abuse & Neglect, 77, 180-187. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2018.01.015
Cohen, J. (1988). Set correlation and contingency tables. Applied Psychological Measurement, 12(4), 425-434.
Cross, D., Shaw, T., Hadwen, K., Cardoso, P., Slee, P., Roberts, C., Thomas, L., & Barnes, A. (2016). Longitudinal impact of the Cyber Friendly Schools program on adolescents’ cyberbullying behavior. Aggressive Behavior, 42(2), 166-180. https://doi.org/10.1002/ab.21609
Eisenstein, E. (2005). Adolescência: Definições, conceitos e critérios. Adolescência e Saúde, 2(2), 6-7. https://cdn.publisher.gn1.link/adolescenciaesaude.com/pdf/v2n2a02.pdf
Elgar, F. J., Napoletano, A., Saul, G., Dirks, M. A., Craig, W., Poteat, V. P., Holt, M., & Koenig, B. W. (2014). Cyberbullying victimization and mental health in adolescents and the moderating role of family dinners. JAMA Pediatrics, 168(11), 1015-1022. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapediatrics.2014.1223
Erlich, H. (1998). On loneliness, narcisism and intimacy. The American Journal of Psychocoalysis, 58(2), 135-162. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1022160332189
Fernandes, O. M., & Relva, I. C. (2019). Questionário de Cibervitimização. Unpublished manuscript. Departamento de Educação e Psicologia. Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro.
Fundo de Emergência Internacional das Nações Unidas para a Infância [UNICEF]. (2020). Crianças correm maior risco de sofrer abusos online durante a pandemia global de COVID-19. Recomendações da Unicef têm como objetivo ajudar governos, empresas de TIC, educadores e pais a proteger as crianças em confinamento. https://www.unicef.org/mozambique/comunicados-de-imprensa/crian%C3%A7as-correm-maior-risco-de-sofrer-abusos-online-durante-pandemia-global
Handono, S. G., Laeheem, K., & Sittichai, R. (2019). Factors related with cyberbullying among the youth of Jakarta, Indonésia. Children and Youth Services Review, 99, 235-239. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2019.02.012
Heiman, T., Olenik-Shemesh, D., & Eden, S. (2015). Cyberbullying involvement among students with ADHD: Relation to loneliness, self-efficacy and social support. European Journal of Special Needs Education, 30(1), 15-29. https://doi.org/10.1080/08856257.2014.943562
Kowalski, R. M., Limber, S. P., & McCord, A. (2018). A developmental approach to cyberbullying: Prevalence and protective factors. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 45, 20-32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.avb.2018.02.009
Kubiszewski, V., Fontaine, R., Potard, C., & Auzoult, L. (2015). Does cyberbullying overlap with school bullying when taking modality of involvement into account? Computers in Human Behavior, 43, 49-57. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2014.10.049
Larrañaga, E., Yubero, S., Ovejero, A., & Navarro, R. (2016). Loneliness, parent-child communication and cyberbullying victimization among Spanish youths. Computers in Human Behavior, 65, 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2016.08.015
Makri-Botsari, E., & Karagianni, G. (2014). Cyberbullying in Greek adolescents: The role of parents. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 116, 3241-3253. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.01.742
Mallik, C. I., & Radwan, R. B. (2020). Adolescent victims of cyberbullying in Bangladesh prevalence and relationship with psychiatric disorders. Asian Journal of Psychiatry, 48, 101893. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajp.2019.101893
Marôco, J. (2007). Análise estatística com utilização do SPSS (3ª Ed.). Lisboa: Sílabo.
Marôco, J. (2014). Análise das equações estruturais: Fundamentos teóricos, software & aplicações (2ª Ed.). Portugal: ReportNumber.
Martínez-Monteagudo, M. C., Delgado, B., Inglés, C. J., & García-Fernández, J. M. (2019). Cyberbullying in the university setting. Relationship with family environment and emotional intelligence. Computers in Human Behavior, 91, 220-225. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2018.10.002
Morahan-Martin, J., & Schumacher, P. (2003). Loneliness and social uses of the Internet. Computers in Human Behavior, 19(6), 659-671. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0747-5632(03)00040-2
Navarro, R., Yubero, S., & Larrañaga, E. (2015). Psychosocial risk factors for involvement in bullying behaviors: Empirical comparison between cyberbullying and social bullying victims and bullies. School Mental Health, 7(4), 235-248. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12310-015-9157-9
Neto, F. A. (1989). A Escala de Solidão da UCLA: Adaptação portuguesa. Psicologia Clínica, 2, 65-79. https://www.iscet.pt/uploads/obSolidao/avaliacao_solidao_felix_neto.pdf
Olenik, D., Heiman, T., & Eden, S. (2012). Cyberbullying victimization in adolescence: Relationships with loneliness and depressive mood. Emotional and Behavioural Difficulties,17(3-4), 361-374. https://doi.org/10.1080/13632752.2012.704227
Ordem dos Psicólogos Portugueses (2020). Recomendações para pais, cuidadores e professores- Cyberbullying e segurança online. https://www.ordemdospsicologos.pt/ficheiros/documentos/covid_19_cyberbullying_pais.pdf
Ortega-Barón, J., Buelga-Vasquez, S., & Cava-Caballero, M. J. (2016). The influence of school climate and family climate among adolescents’ victims of cyberbullying influencia del clima escolar y familiar en adolescentes, víctimas de ciberacoso. Comunicar, 24(46), 57-65. https://doi.org/10.3916/C46-2016-06
Ortega-Barón, J., Postigo, J., Iranzo, B., Buelga, S., & Carrascosa, L. (2019). Parental communication and feelings of affiliation in adolescent aggressors and victims of cyberbullying. Social Sciences, 8(1), 3. https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci8010003
Pallant, J. (2005). SPSS survival manual. Berkshire: Allen & Unwin.
Ponte, C., & Batista, S. (2019). EU Kids Online Portugal. Usos, competências, riscos e mediações da internet reportados por crianças e jovens (9-17 anos). EU Kids Online e NOVA FCSH. http://www.fcsh.unl.pt/eukidsonline/documentos/
Portugal, A. M., & Marques, I. (2014). Escala de Avaliação da Comunicação na Parentalidade (COMPA): Desenvolvimento e validação de uma medida da comunicação parento-filial. Avances en Psicología Latino Americana, 32(1), 85-103. https://dx.doi.org/10.12804/apl32.1.2014.06
Romero-Abrio, A., Martínez-Ferrer, B., Musitu-Ferrer, D., León-Moreno, C., Villarreal González, M. E., & Callejas-Jerónimo, J. E. (2019). Family communication problems, psychosocial adjustment and cyberbullying. International Journal of Environment Research and Public Health, 16(13), 2417.https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16132417
Russell, D., Peplau, L. A., & Cutrona, C. E. (1980). The revised UCLA Loneliness Scale: Concurrent and discriminant validity evidence. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 39(3), 472-480. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.39.3.472
Safaria, T. (2015). Are daily spiritual experiences, self-esteem, and family harmony predictors of cyberbullying among high school student? International Journal of Research Studies in Psychology, 4(3), 23-33.https://doi.org/10.5861/ijrsp.2015.1103
Şahin, M. (2012). The relationship between the cyberbullying/cybervictmization and loneliness among adolescents. Children and Youth Services Review, 34(4), 834-837. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2012.01.010
Schoffstall, C. L., & Cohen, R. (2011). Cyber aggression: The relation between online offenders and offline social competence. Social Development, 20(3), 587-604. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9507.2011.00609.x
Segrin, C., Nevarez, N., Arroyo, A., & Harwood, J. (2012). Family of origin environment and adolescent bullying predict young adult loneliness. The Journal of Psychology, 146(1-2), 119-134. https://doi.org/10.1080/00223980.2011.555791
Stickley, A., Koyanagi, A., Koposov, R., Schwab-Stone, M., & Ruchkin, V. (2014). Loneliness and health risk behaviours among russian and US adolescents: A cross sectional study. BMC Public Health, 14(1), 1-12. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/1471-2458-14-366
Symons, K., Ponnet, K., Vanwesenbeeck, I., Walrave, M., & Van Ouytsel, J. (2020). Parent-child communication about Internet use and acceptance of parental authority. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 64(1), 1-19. https://doi.org/10.1080/08838151.2019.1681870
Tarablus, T., Heiman, T., & Olenik-Shemesh, D. (2015). Cyber bullying among teenagers in Israel: An examination of cyber bullying, traditional bullying, and socioemotional functioning. Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment & Trauma, 24(6), 707-720. https://doi.org/10.1080/10926771.2015.1049763
Tian, Y., Guo, Z. X., Shi, J. R., Bian, Y. L., Han, P. G., Wang, P., & Gao, F. Q. (2018). Bidirectional mediating role of loneliness in the association between shyness and generalized pathological internet use in Chinese university students: A longitudinal cross-lagged analysis. The Journal of Psychology, 152(8), 529-547. https://doi.org/10.1080/00223980.2018.1468309
Wang, J., Iannotti, R. J., & Nansel, T. R. (2009). School bullying among adolescents in the United States: Physical, verbal, relational, and cyber. Journal of Adolescent Health, 45(4), 368-375. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2009.03.021
Wood Jr, F. R., & Graham, R. (2020). “Safe” and “At-Risk”: Cyberbullying victimization and deviant health risk behaviors in youth. Youth & Society, 52(3), 449-468. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0044118X18810943
Xiuqin, H., Huimin, Z., Mengchen, L., Jinan, W., Ying, Z., & Ran, T. (2010). Mental health, personality, and parental rearing styles of adolescents with Internet addiction disorder. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 13(4), 401-406. https://doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2009.0222
Yao, M. Z., & Zhong, Z. J. (2014). Loneliness, social contacts and Internet addiction: A cross lagged panel study. Computers in Human Behavior, 30, 164-170. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2013.08.007
Ybarra, M. L., & Mitchell, K. J. (2004). Youth engaging in online harassment: Associations with caregiver-child relationships, internet use, and personal characteristics. Journal of Adolescence, 27(3), 319-336. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2004.03.007
Zhang, S., Tian, Y., Sui, Y., Zhang, D., Shi, J., Wang, P., Meng, W., & Si, Y. (2018). Relationships between social support, loneliness, and internet addiction in Chinese postsecondary students: A longitudinal cross-lagged analysis. Frontiers in Psychology, 9, 1707. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01707
Zhou, Z., Tang, H., Tian, Y., Wei, H., Zhang, F., & Morrison, C. M. (2013). Cyberbullying and its risk factors among Chinese high school students. School Psychology International, 34(6), 630-647. https://doi.org/10.1177/0143034313479692
Downloads
Publicado
Como Citar
Edição
Seção
Licença
Copyright (c) 2024 Mónica Pereira, Inês Carvalho Relva, Otília Monteiro Fernandes
Este trabalho está licenciado sob uma licença Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Revista CES Psicología ISSN 2011 3080
Facultad de Psicología, Universidad CES Primera edición 2008. Última actualización Mayo 29 de 2024. Todos los derechos reservados. Hecho el depósito legal que exige la ley.
Se autoriza la reproducción total o parcial de los artículos citando la fuente y el autor. This publication may be reproduced by mentioning the source and the authors.
| Métricas do artigo | |
|---|---|
| Vistas abstratas | |
| Visualizações da cozinha | |
| Visualizações de PDF | |
| Visualizações em HTML | |
| Outras visualizações | |
