Juegos de apuestas en estudiantes universitarios: diferencias en impulsividad rasgo, distorsiones cognitivas y severidad en función del tipo de apuestas
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21615/cesp.13.2.4Palavras-chave:
Juego Patológico, Juegos de Apuestas, Impulsividad, Distorsiones Cognitivas, Severidad en los Juegos de Apuestas, Factores de RiesgoResumo
El juego patológico se caracteriza por un patrón persistente y excesivo de juego, con interferencias en la vida personal, social, familiar y laboral. Objetivo: Examinar en estudiantes universitarios diferencias en impulsividad rasgo, distorsiones cognitivas y severidad en el involucramiento con los juegos de apuestas en función de los juegos de apuestas de preferencia (estratégicos y no estratégicos); y variaciones en impulsividad en función de los diferentes niveles de severidad en el involucramiento con los juegos de apuestas (sin riesgo, bajo riesgo, en riesgo). Método: Participaron 295 estudiantes que completaron instrumentos para medir: 1-ocurrencia y preferencia de juegos de apuestas (cuestionario ad-hoc), 2-severidad en el involucramiento con los juegos de apuestas (versión en español del South Oaks Gambling Screen, 3-impulsividad rasgo (versión en español de UPPS-P Impulsive Behavior Scale), 4-distorsiones cognitivas (versión en español del Gamblers’ Beliefs Questionnaire). Resultados: Se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en impulsividad, distorsiones cognitivas y severidad en el involucramiento con los juegos de apuestas en función de la preferencia por determinados tipos de apuestas, y en impulsividad en función del nivel de severidad en el involucramiento con los juegos de apuestas. Conclusión: los hallazgos describen características psicológicas asociadas a una mayor vulnerabilidad a exhibir modalidades problemáticas de involucramiento con los juegos de apuestas; y sugieren que quienes exhiben preferencias por juegos de apuestas categorizados como estratégicos, o por apuestas estratégicas y no estratégicas combinadas, son quienes parecen estar en mayor riesgo de presentar problemas con el juego de apuestas.
Downloads
Referências
Alessi, S. M., & Petry, N. M. (2003). Pathological gambling severity is associated with impulsivity in a delay discounting procedure. Behavioural Processes, 64(3), 345-354. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0376-6357(03)00150-5
American Psychiatric Association, APA. (1980). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (3ªed.) (DSM-III), Washington, D.C., American Psychiatric Association (trad. Cast. En Barcelona, Masson, 1984).
American Psychological Association, (2017). Ethical Principles of Psychologists and Code of Conduct. Recuperado de: http://www.apa.org/ethics/code/ethics-code-2017.pdf
Billieux, J., Lagrange, G., der Linden, M. V., Lancon, C., Adida, M., & Jeanningros, R. (2012). Investigation of impulsivity in a sample of treatment-seeking pathological gamblers: A multidimensional perspective. Psychiatry Research, 198, 291–296. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2012.01.001
Clark, L. (2010). Decision-making during gambling: an integration of cognitive and psychobiological approaches. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 365(1538), 319-330. doi: https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2009.0147
Clarke, D. (2006). Impulsivity as a mediator in the relationship between depression and problem gambling. Personality and Individual Differences, 40(1), 5-15. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2005.05.008
Cook, S., Turner, N. E., Ballon, B., Paglia-Boak, A., Murray, R., Adlaf, E. M., … Mann, R. E. (2015). Problem Gambling Among Ontario Students: Associations with Substance Abuse, Mental Health Problems, Suicide Attempts, and Delinquent Behaviours. Journal of Gambling Studies, 31(4),1121-1134. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10899-014-9483-0
Cowie, M. E., Stewart, S. H., Salmon, J., Collins, P., Al-Hamdani, M., Boffo, M., … Wiers, R. W. (2017). Distorted Beliefs about Luck and Skill and Their Relation to Gambling Problems and Gambling Behavior in Dutch Gamblers. Frontiers in Psychology, 8, 2245. doi: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.02245
Cunningham, J. A., Hodgins, D. C., & Toneatto, T. (2014). Relating severity of gambling to cognitive distortions in a representative sample of problem gamblers. Journal of Gambling Issues, 29, 1–6. doi: https://doi.org/10.4309/jgi.2014.29.2
Cyders, M. A., & Smith, G. T. (2008). Clarifying the role of personality dispositions in risk for increased gambling behavior. Personality and Individual Differences, 45(6), 503-508.
Cyders, M. A., Zapolski, T. C., Combs, J. L., Settles, R. F., Fillmore, M. T., & Smith, G. T. (2010). Experimental effect of positive urgency on negative outcomes from risk taking and on increased alcohol consumption. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 24(3), 367. doi: https://doi.org/10.1037/a0019494
Dechant, K. (2013). Show me the money: Incorporating financial motives into the gambling motives questionnaires. Journal of Gambling Studies, 30(4), 949-965. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10899-013-9386-5
Declaración de Helsinki de la Asociación Medica Mundial. (2008). Principios éticos para las investigaciones médicas en seres humanos (59ª Asamblea General, Seúl, Corea, octubre 2008) Punto 32.
Echeburúa Odriozola, E., Báez Gallo, C., Fernández-Montalvo, J., & Páez Rovira, D. (1994). Cuestionario de Juego Patológico de South Oaks (SOGS): validación española. Análisis y Modificación de Conducta, 20(74), 769-791.
Fortune, E. E., & Goodie, A. S. (2012). Cognitive distortions as a component and treatment focus of pathological gambling: a review. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 26(2), 298. doi: https://doi.org/10.1037/a0026422
Frascella, J., Potenza, M. N., Brown, L. L., & Childress, A. R. (2010). Shared brain vulnerabilities open the way for nonsubstance addiction: carving addiction at a new joint? Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 1187, 294–315. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.05420.x
French M. T., Maclean J. C., & Ettner S.L. (2008). Drinkers and bettors: Investigating the complementarity of alcohol consumption and problem gambling. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 96, 155–164. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2008.02.011
Ginley, M. K., Whelan, J. P., Meyers, A. W., Relyea, G. E., & Pearlson, G. D. (2014). Exploring a multidimensional approach to impulsivity in predicting college student gambling. Journal of Gambling Studies, 30(2), 521-536. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10899-013-9374-9
Goudriaan, A. E., Slutske, W. S., Krull, J. L., & Sher, K. J. (2009). Longitudinal patterns of gambling activities and associated risk factors in college students. Addiction (Abingdon, England), 104(7), 1219–1232. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1360-0443.2009.02573.x
Grant, J. E., Odlaug, B. L., Chamberlain, S. R., & Schreiber, L. R. N. (2012). Neurocognitive dysfunction in strategic and non-strategic gamblers. Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry, 38, 336–340. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pnpbp.2012.05.006
Hodgins, D. C., & Holub, A. (2015). Components of Impulsivity in Gambling Disorder. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 13(6), 699–711. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-015-9572-z
Ioannidis, K., Hook, R., Wickham, K., Grant, J. E., & Chamberlain, S. R. (2019). Impulsivity in Gambling Disorder and problem gambling: a meta-analysis. Neuropsychopharmacology: official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology, 44(8), 1354–1361. doi: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41386-019-0393-9
Kim, S. W., Grant, J. E., Eckert, E. D., Faris, P. L., & Hartman, B. K. (2006). Pathological gambling and mood disorders: clinical associations and treatment implications. Journal of Affective Disorders, 92(1), 109-16.
Korman, L. M., Collins, J., Dutton, D., Dhayananthan, B., Littman-Sharp, N., & Skinner, W. (2008). Problem gambling and intimate partner violence. Journal of Gambling Studies, 24(1), 13-23. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10899-007-9077-1
Korman, L., Toneatto, T., & Skinner, W. (2006). Pathological gambling. In J. E. Fisher & W. T. O´Donohue (Eds). Practitioners´ guide to evidence-based psychopathology. New York: Springer.
Ladouceur, R., & Gaboury, A. (1988). Effects of limited and unlimited stakes on gambling behavior. Journal of Gambling Behavior, 4, 119-126.
Langer, E. J. (1975). The illusion of control. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 32, 311-328.
Lesieur, H. R., & Blume, S. B. (1987). The South Oaks Gambling Screen (SOGS): A new instrument for the identification of pathological gamblers. American Journal of Psychiatry, 144(9), 1184-8. doi: https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.144.9.1184
Ley Nacional N° 25.326. (2000). Protección de los Datos Personales. Congreso de la Nación Argentina, Buenos Aires, Argentina, 4 de octubre del 2000.
Lynam, D. R., Smith, G. T., Whiteside, S. P., & Cyders, M. A. (2006). The UPPS–P: Assessing five personality pathways to impulsive behavior (Tech. Rep.). West Lafayette, IN: Purdue University.
MackKillop, J., Miller, J. D., Fortune, E., Maples, J., Lance, C. E., Campbell, W. K., & Goodie, A. S. (2014). Multidimensional examination of impulsivity in relation to disordered gambling. Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology, 22(2), 176. doi: https://doi.org/10.1037/a0035874
MacLaren, V. V., Fugelsang, J. A., Harrigan, K. A., & Dixon, M. J. (2012). Effects of impulsivity, reinforcement sensitivity, and cognitive style on pathological gambling symptoms among frequent slot machine players. Personality and Individual Differences, 52(3), 390-394. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2011.10.044
McInnes, A., Hodgins, D. C., & Holub, A. (2014). The Gambling Cognitions Inventory: Scale development and psychometric validation with problem and pathological gamblers. International Gambling Studies, 14(3), 410-431. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/14459795.2014.923483
Meyer, G., von Meduna, M., Brosowski, T., & Hayer, T. (2012). Is poker a game of skill or chance? A quasi-experimental study. Journal of Gambling Studies, 29(3), 535-550. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10899-012-9327-8.
Michalczuk, R., Bowden-Jones, H., Verdejo-Garcia, A., & Clark, L. (2011). Impulsivity and cognitive distortions in pathological gamblers attending the UK National Problem Gambling Clinic: a preliminary report. Psychological Medicine, 41(12), 2625-2635. doi: https://doi.org/10.1017/S003329171100095X
Moragas, L., Granero, R., Stinchfield, R., Fernández-Aranda, F., Fröberg, F., Aymamí, N., … Jiménez-Murcia, S. (2015). Comparative analysis of distinct phenotypes in gambling disorder based on gambling preferences. BioMed Central Psychiatry, 15(1), 86. doi: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-015-0459-0
Myrseth, H., Brunborg, G. S., & Eidem, M. (2010). Differences in cognitive distortions between pathological and non-pathological gamblers with preferences for chance or skill games. Journal of Gambling Studies, 26(4), 561-569. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10899-010-9180-6
Myrseth, H., Brunborg, G. S., & Eidem, M. (2010). Differences in cognitive distortions between pathological and non-pathological gamblers with preferences for chance or skill games. Journal of Gambling Studies, 26(4), 561-569. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10899-010-9180-6
Nowak, D. E., & Aloe, A. M. (2014). The prevalence of pathological gambling among college students: a meta-analytic synthesis, 2005-2013. Journal of Gambling Studies, 30(4), 819-843.
Odlaug, B. L., Chamberlain, S. R., Kim, S. W., Schreiber, L. R. N., & Grant, J. E. (2011). A neurocognitive comparison of cognitive flexibility and response inhibition in gamblers with varying degrees of clinical severity. Psychological Medicine, 41(10), 2111-2119. doi: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291711000316
Odlaug, B. L., Marsh, P. J., Kim, S. W., & Grant, J. E. (2011). Strategic vs nonstrategic gambling: characteristics of pathological gamblers based on gambling preference. Annals of Clinical Psychiatry: Official Journal of the American Academy of Clinical Psychiatrists, 23(2), 105–112.
Petry, N. M., & Gonzalez-Ibanez, A. (2015). Internet gambling in problem gambling college students. Journal of Gambling Studies, 31(2), 397–408. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10899-013-9432-3
Petry, N. M., Zajac, K., & Ginley, M. K. (2018). Behavioral Addictions as Mental Disorders: To Be or Not to Be? Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 14, 399–423. doi: https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-032816-045120
Pilatti, A., Cupani, M., Tuzinkievich, F., & Winfree, W. (2016). Confirmatory factor analysis of the Spanish version of the Gamblers’ Beliefs Questionnaire in a sample of Argentinean gamblers. Addictive Behaviors Reports, 4, 44-50. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.abrep.2016.09.001
Pilatti, A., Rivarola Montejano, G., Lozano, O. M., & Pautassi, R. M. (2016). Relación entre impulsividad y consumo de alcohol en hombres y mujeres argentinos. Quaderns de Psicologia, 18(1), 0075-91.
Potenza, M. N., Fiellin, D. A., Heninger, G. R., Rounsaville, B. J., & Mazure, C. M. (2002). Gambling: an addictive behavior with health and primary care implications. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 17(9), 721–732. doi: https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1525-1497.2002.10812.x
Rennert, L., Denis, C., Peer, K., Lynch, K. G., Gelernter, J., & Kranzler, H. R. (2014). DSM-5 gambling disorder: prevalence and characteristics in a substance use disorder sample. Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology, 22(1), 50–56. doi: https://doi.org/10.1037/a0034518
Rogers, R. D., Moeller, F. G., Swann, A.C., & Clark, L. (2010). Recent research on impulsivity in individuals with drug use and mental health disorders: Implications for alcoholism. Alcoholism, Clinical and Experimental Research, 34, 1–15. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1530-0277.2010.01216.x
Sagoe, D., Pallesen, S., Hanss, D., Leino, T., Molde, H., Mentzoni, R. A., & Torsheim, T. (2017). The relationships between mental health symptoms and gambling behavior in the transition from adolescence to emerging adulthood. Frontiers in Psychology, 8, 478. doi: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00478
Savvidou, L. G., Fagundo, A. B., Fernández-Aranda, F., Granero, R., Claes, L., Mallorquí-Baqué, N., ... del Pino-Gutiérrez, A. (2017). Is gambling disorder associated with impulsivity traits measured by the UPPS-P and is this association moderated by sex and age? Comprehensive Psychiatry, 72, 106-113. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comppsych.2016.10.005
Steenbergh, T. A., Meyers, A. W., May, R. K., & Whelan, J. P. (2002). Development and validation of the Gamblers' Beliefs Questionnaire. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 16(2), 143. doi: https://doi.org/10.1037//0893-164X.16.2.143
Toce‐Gerstein, M., Gerstein, D. R., & Volberg, R. A. (2003). A hierarchy of gambling disorders in the community. Addiction, 98(12), 1661-1672. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1360-0443.2003.00545.x
Vera, B., Caneto, F., Tuzinkievich, F. B., & Garimaldi, J. A. (2014). Prevalencia de juegos de apuestas, síntomas depresivos y distorsiones cognitivas en jóvenes universitarios. Revista Argentina de Ciencias del Comportamiento, 6(2), 55-64.
Verdejo-García, A., Lozano, Ó., Moya, M., Alcázar, M. Á., & Pérez-García, M. (2010). Psychometric properties of a Spanish version of the UPPS–P impulsive behavior scale: reliability, validity and association with trait and cognitive impulsivity. Journal of Personality Assessment, 92(1), 70-77. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/00223890903382369
Winfree, W. R., Meyers, A. W., & Whelan, J. P. (2013). Validation of a Spanish translation of the Gamblers' Beliefs Questionnaire. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 27(1), 274. doi: https://doi.org/10.1037/a0030824
Yan, W. S., Zhang, R. R., Lan, Y., Li, Y. H., & Sui, N. (2016). Comparison of impulsivity in non-problem, at-risk and problem gamblers. Scientific Reports, 6, 39233. doi: https://doi.org/10.1038/srep39233
Yu, Y. H., & Potenza, M. N. (2015). Gambling disorder and other behavioral addictions: recognition and treatment. Harvard Review of Psychiatry, 23(2), 134–146. doi: https://doi.org/10.1097/HRP.0000000000000051
Downloads
Publicado
Como Citar
Edição
Seção
Licença
Copyright (c) 2020 CES Psicología
Este trabalho está licenciado sob uma licença Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Revista CES Psicología ISSN 2011 3080
Facultad de Psicología, Universidad CES Primera edición 2008. Última actualización Mayo 29 de 2024. Todos los derechos reservados. Hecho el depósito legal que exige la ley.
Se autoriza la reproducción total o parcial de los artículos citando la fuente y el autor. This publication may be reproduced by mentioning the source and the authors.
| Métricas do artigo | |
|---|---|
| Vistas abstratas | |
| Visualizações da cozinha | |
| Visualizações de PDF | |
| Visualizações em HTML | |
| Outras visualizações | |
