Diferencias urbano-rurales en fundamentos morales: un enfoque meta-analítico
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21615/cesp.7557Palabras clave:
fundamentos morales, desarrollo moral, entornos rurales, entornos urbanos, ideología, metaanálisis.Resumen
La división social entre el entorno rural y urbano no sólo implica diferencias en las condiciones de vida, sino que también se expresa en los diferentes valores y actitudes que predominan en uno u otro contexto. En este artículo se aborda la brecha rural-urbana desde el marco de la Teoría de los Fundamentos Morales (MFT). En concreto, se ha realizado un estudio meta-analítico para analizar las diferencias en fundamentos morales entre zonas rurales y urbanas. Una selección entre 6.093 artículos publicados y no publicados entre el 2017 y el 2020 dio como resultado una muestra de 13 estudios (k = 36; N = 200.099). Los resultados mostraron diferencias significativas pero insignificantes en los niveles de Justicia/engaño ( = -.074). El moderador más importante fue la escala utilizada para medir los fundamentos morales. De esta forma, el uso de escalas basadas en cualquier versión del Cuestionario de los Fundamentos Morales (MFQ) se asoció con niveles significativamente mayores de puntuaciones morales en las zonas rurales para Autoridad/subversión ( = -.127) y para Pureza/degradación ( = -.177). Se analizan las limitaciones derivadas del uso de escalas o ítems no basados en la MFQ, así como posibles limitaciones de la MFT en términos de generalizabilidad a muestras no occidentales.
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