Diferenças na morfologia óssea entre o lado deslocado e o lado contralateral em pacientes com assimetria facial: estudo 3D-CT
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21615/cesodon.33.2.3Palavras-chave:
assimetria facial, tomografia computadorizada, morfologia facial, anatomiaResumo
Introdução y objectivo: As assimetrias faciais são um motivo frequente de consulta estética e funcional (35%) na cirurgia maxilo-facial. Descrever as variações morfológicas do osso craniofacial em pacientes com assimetria facial. Materiais e métodos: Estudo descritivo, em 53 pacientes (23 homens, 30 mulheres) com assimetria facial. Através de tomografia axial computorizada e reconstrução 3D, foram descritas as características anatómicas do lado longo expondo a assimetria e do lado contralateral (lado curto para o qual a mandíbula é desviada), nos planos frontal e sagital. Resultados: Foram identificadas cinco categorias de assimetria facial: alongamento hemimandibular, (EH, n = 26; 49%) hiperplasia hemimandibular, (n = 4; 7,5%), prognatismo assimétrico mandibular, (PMA, n = 14; 25,4%), assimetria da cavidade glenoidal, (n = 2; 3,8%) e laterognatismo funcional, (n = 7; 13,2%). Em 64,1% dos casos, o desvio mandibular foi do lado esquerdo. No plano frontal havia uma maior distância do plano médio sagital aos pontos malar, yugal e gonion do lado contralateral (p<0,05). No plano sagital, a largura do ramo mandibular foi maior no lado deslocado (p<0,05) e o comprimento do corpo mandibular foi maior no lado contralateral (p<0,001). Nas assimetrias mais prevalentes (HD e PMA), a presença de um desvio da sínfise > 5,1mm dá uma maior probabilidade de HD [OU: 4,05, IC 95%: 1,02-16,0]. Conclusão: Os pacientes com assimetria facial apresentaram diferenças morfológicas craniofaciais nos planos frontal e sagital, que ajudam a identificar as diferentes entidades causadoras desta alteração.
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