Efficiency of transabdominal ultrasound examination in aid to early diagnosis of induced right dorsal colitis in horses
Abstract
The Right Dorsal Colitis (CDD) is an enteropathy characterized by wall inflammation and edema and ulceration of the mucosa of the right dorsal colon in horses. Its occurrence is associated with prolonged use and/or overdoses of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), especially phenylbutazone (FBTZ). Clinical abnormalities include anorexia, colic, hypoproteinemia, neutropenia, endotoxemia, diarrhea and weight loss. The ultrasound examination (EUS) is important in the diagnosis of abdominal abnormalities. Aiming to evaluate the efficiency of EUS in the early diagnosis of CDD, EUS were performed regularly in five horses (C1-C5) underwent protocol of induction experimental colitis. Five images per animal were taken on alternate days (D0-D14), between the 11th and 15th intercostal spaces in right side and, in each image, the wall thickness of the right dorsal colon was measured in millimeters (mm) at four different sites. There was no difference between D0 (3.4±0.55mm) and D3 (4.9 ± 1.79 mm), but in D5 (7.17 ± 1.28 mm), D7 (7.00 ± 1.68 mm) and D9 (6.71 ± 2.27 mm), there was significant increase in colon wall thickness in relation to D0 and D3 (p≤0.05). Since the onset of relevant clinical signs, such as diarrhea was evident in all animals only in D9, it was concluded that ultrasonography of the right dorsal colon is sensitive method as early diagnosis of CDD.Downloads
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References
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Kerbyson N, Knottenbelt D, Parkin TDH. The effect of parasite burden on faecally excreted albumin. J Vet Intern Med 2014; 28: 1116. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1111/(ISSN)1939-1676
Mackay RJ, French TW, Nguyen HT, et al. Effects of large doses of phenylbutazone administration to horses. Am J Vet Res 1983; 44: 774-780. http://avmajournals.avma.org/loi/ajvr
MaCallister CG, Morgan SJ, Borne AT, et al. Comparison of adverse effects of phenylbutazone, flunixin meglumin, and ketoprofen in horses. J Am Vet Med Ass 1993; 202(1): 71-77. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8420909
Marshall JF, Blikslager AT. The effect of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on the equine intestine. Equine Vet. J 2011; 43(Suppl. 39): 140-144. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21790769
Martinez Aranzales JR, Candido de Andrade BS, Silveira Alves GE. Orally administered phenylbutazone causes oxidative stress in the equine gastric mucosa. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2015; 38: 257-264. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25287371
McConnico RS, Morgan TW, Williams CC, et al. Pathophysiologic effects of phenylbutazone on the right dorsal colon in horses. Am J Vet Res 2008; 69(11): 1496-1505. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18980433
McConnico RS. Acute equine colitis. Compendium Equine 2003; 25(8): 623-631.
Murray MJ. Acute colitis. En: Robinson NE. Current Therapy in Equine Medicine. 4. ed. London: Saunders, 1990. p. 197-203.
Radi ZA, Khan NK. Effects of cyclooxygenase inhibition on the gastrointestinal tract. Experimental and Toxicologic Pathology 2006; 58(2-3): 163-173. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16859903
Reef VB, Whittier M, Allan LG. Sonographic evaluation of the adult abdomen. Clin Tech Equine Pract 2004; 3: 294-307.
Ribeiro Júnior JI, Melo AL. Guia prático para utilização do SAEG. Viçosa: Folha Artes Gráficas Ltda., 2009. 288 p.
Snow DH, Douglas TA, Thompson H, et al. Phenylbutazone toxicosis in equidae: a biochemical and pathophysiologic study. Am J Vet Res 1981; 42: 1754-1759. http://avmajournals.avma.org/loi/ajvr
Tomlinson J, Blikslager A. Role of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in gastrointestinal tract injury and repair. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2003; 222(7): 946-951. http://avmajournals.avma.org/doi/abs/10.2460/javma.2003.222.946
Bhithell S, Habershon-Butcher JL, Bowen IM, Hallowell GD. Repeatability and reproductibility of transabdominal ultrasonographic intestinal wall thickness measurements in thoroughbred horses. Vet Rad and Ultras 2010; 51(6): 647-651. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1740-8261.2010.01715.x/abstract;jsessionid=95978228DE26D1B03107EA6B74FFA075.f04t02
Bjarnason I, Fehilly B, Smethurst P, et al. Importance of local versus systemic effects of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in increasing small intestinal permeability in man. Gut 1991; 32(3): 275-277. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1378833/
Cohen ND. Right dorsal colitis in horses. En: Congress on equine medicine and surgery; 2003, Ithaca. Proc… p. 1-7.
Cohen ND, Carter GK, Mealey RH, Taylor TS. Medical management of right dorsal colitis in 5 horses: a retrospective study (1987-1993). J Vet Intern Med 1995; 9: 272-276. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8523325?dopt=Abstract
Cook VL, Blikslager A. The use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in critically ill horses. J Vet Emerg Crit Care 2015; 25(1): 76–88. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25521286
Davis EG. Right dorsal colitis and dietary management. En: North American veterinary conference 2005, Orlando. Proc...p. 147-149. http://www.ivis.org/proceedings/navc/2005/LA/067.pdf?LA=1
Davis JL. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug associated right dorsal colitis in the horse. Equine Vet Educ 2015; 27(8): 1-8. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/eve.12454/abstract
El-Ashker Maged, El-Khodery Sabry, Metwally Nadia, Hussein Hussein, El-Boshy Mohamed. Prognostic significance of oxidative stress markers in colitis associated with phenylbutazone administration in draft horses. Journal of Equine Veterinary Science 2012; 32:146-152. http://www.j-evs.com/article/S0737-0806(11)00472-2/abstract
Freeman SL. Diagnostic ultrasonography of the mature equine addomen. Equine Vet Educ 2003; 15(6): 319-330. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.2042-3292.2003.tb00257.x/abstract
Galvin N, Dillon H, McGovern F. Right dorsal colitis in the horse: minireview and reports on three cases in Ireland. Ir Vet J 2004; 57: 467-473. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3113814/
Hendrickson EHS, Malone ED, SAGE AM. Identification of normal parameters for ultrasonography examination of the equine large colon and cecum. Can Vet J 2007; 48: 289-291. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1800949/
Hough ME, Steel CM, Bolton JR, et al. Ulceration and stricture of the right dorsal colon after phenylbutazone administration in four horses. Aust Vet J 1999; 77: 785–788. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1751-0813.1999.tb12945.x/full
Jones SL. Disorders of the large intestine causing diarrhea. En: North American Veterinary Conference, 2006, Orlando. Proc. p. 124-127.
Jones SL, Davis J, Rowlingson K. Ultrasonography findings in horses with right dorsal colitis: five cases (2000-2001). J Am Vet Med Assoc 2003; 222(9): 1248-1251. http://avmajournals.avma.org/doi/abs/10.2460/javma.2003.222.1248
Kerbyson N, Knottenbelt D, Parkin TDH. The effect of parasite burden on faecally excreted albumin. J Vet Intern Med 2014; 28: 1116. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1111/(ISSN)1939-1676
Mackay RJ, French TW, Nguyen HT, et al. Effects of large doses of phenylbutazone administration to horses. Am J Vet Res 1983; 44: 774-780. http://avmajournals.avma.org/loi/ajvr
MaCallister CG, Morgan SJ, Borne AT, et al. Comparison of adverse effects of phenylbutazone, flunixin meglumin, and ketoprofen in horses. J Am Vet Med Ass 1993; 202(1): 71-77. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8420909
Marshall JF, Blikslager AT. The effect of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on the equine intestine. Equine Vet. J 2011; 43(Suppl. 39): 140-144. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21790769
Martinez Aranzales JR, Candido de Andrade BS, Silveira Alves GE. Orally administered phenylbutazone causes oxidative stress in the equine gastric mucosa. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2015; 38: 257-264. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25287371
McConnico RS, Morgan TW, Williams CC, et al. Pathophysiologic effects of phenylbutazone on the right dorsal colon in horses. Am J Vet Res 2008; 69(11): 1496-1505. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18980433
McConnico RS. Acute equine colitis. Compendium Equine 2003; 25(8): 623-631.
Murray MJ. Acute colitis. En: Robinson NE. Current Therapy in Equine Medicine. 4. ed. London: Saunders, 1990. p. 197-203.
Radi ZA, Khan NK. Effects of cyclooxygenase inhibition on the gastrointestinal tract. Experimental and Toxicologic Pathology 2006; 58(2-3): 163-173. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16859903
Reef VB, Whittier M, Allan LG. Sonographic evaluation of the adult abdomen. Clin Tech Equine Pract 2004; 3: 294-307.
Ribeiro Júnior JI, Melo AL. Guia prático para utilização do SAEG. Viçosa: Folha Artes Gráficas Ltda., 2009. 288 p.
Snow DH, Douglas TA, Thompson H, et al. Phenylbutazone toxicosis in equidae: a biochemical and pathophysiologic study. Am J Vet Res 1981; 42: 1754-1759. http://avmajournals.avma.org/loi/ajvr
Tomlinson J, Blikslager A. Role of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in gastrointestinal tract injury and repair. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2003; 222(7): 946-951. http://avmajournals.avma.org/doi/abs/10.2460/javma.2003.222.946
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Published
2016-09-09
How to Cite
Cândido de Andrade, B. S., Cassou, F., Martinez Aranzales, J. R., & Silveira Alves, G. E. (2016). Efficiency of transabdominal ultrasound examination in aid to early diagnosis of induced right dorsal colitis in horses. CES Medicina Veterinaria Y Zootecnia, 11(2), 51–60. Retrieved from https://revistasceseduco.biteca.online/index.php/mvz/article/view/3961
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ARTÍCULO ORIGINAL DE INVESTIGACIÓN
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